To quickly think of ideas about a topic and also possibly note them down. This is often done as preparation before a writing or speaking activity (e.g. before learners write a description of their city they make a list of all the positive and negative adjectives they know to describe places)

A question which leads to a yes/no answer or another very short response (e.g. Did you come to school by bus? Yes. What did you have for breakfast? Toast.)

Communicating in the target language then using some L1 or using the target language, some L1 then changing back to using the target language.

1) The situation in which language is used or presented (e.g. a story about a holiday experience could be used as the context to present and practise past tenses. Photographs can help to provide a context for a magazine article.)
2) The words or phrases before or after a word in discourse which help someone to understand that word (e.g. I drove my van to the town centre and parked it in the car park. We know that van must be some kind of vehicle because the words drive and park provide a context.)

The reason or purpose for using language, e.g. making a suggestion; giving advice.

Phrases which are used for a particular communicative purpose or function (e.g. Let's ..., Shall we …, How about ... These phrases are used to make a suggestion and are functional exponents of the function of suggesting.)

To guess the meaning of an unknown word or phrase by using the information in a situation and/or around the word to help

A question which can lead to a long response, e.g. How did you spend last weekend? Why do you think many people prefer to drive rather than use public transport?

Competence in listening and speaking skills.

Someone who gives peer feedback. A learner makes comments orally or in writing about a partner's work according to criteria decided before the work is started.

To present previously taught content and / or language in a different context, using a different stimulus or using a different medium in order to consolidate understanding of new content and language.